Juan Corona, the Machete Murderer

Negative Effects of Globalization in Developing Nations

Hermeneutical Circle - Essay Example The 'signifying' might be open-finished, however the specific content that is being considered is a nearby finished hover as a result of the self-referentiality of individual parts and entire (Jasper, 2004). Christianity depends on various principles, including the thought, in any event inside the Protestant religions, that the Bible is in actuality a natural entire as opposed to a progression of differentiating singular messages that have been assembled over a serious extensive stretch of time. However on another note, the main path for a Christian to comprehend numerous pieces of the Bible is to allude to different pieces of the Bible for comprehension. This is the self-referentiality of the Bible that can be viewed as a piece of the hermeneutical circle. A focal model is the 'idea of God' which has concerned Christians for all the more then 1900 years. The different habits wherein God uncovers Himself inside the Bible, especially regarding the differentiation between the Old and New Testaments, may appear to be conflicting. A similar God who requests the principal destined to be murdered and requests that one of his unwavering slaughter his own child to demonstrate his confidence is likewise a similar God who uncovers that adoration, kindness and pardoning are the focal parts of his tendency in the New Testament (Goldsworthy, 2007). It is simply the shut circle referentiality that is found inside the Bible is the response to that question. Different pieces of the Bible, in uncovering the idea of God, allude to each other. One can't comprehend the God of the New Testament without reference to the Old Testament and visa-versa. One adaptation of the hover of hermeneutics, as communicated by zealous religious philosophy, recommends that it isn't simply word considers that ought to be engaged with translation but instead Word study (Goldsworthy, 2007). This is the Word of Jesus Christ which is viewed similar to the focal concentration and crystal through which the remainder of the Bible, and in certainty the entirety of the real world can be found and comprehended (Goldsworthy, 2007). The good news of Jesus Christ is the focal support around which the remainder of the Bible spins as indicated by this sort of hermeneutics. Obviously this basically counters the non-various leveled structure of self-referentiality that exists inside the conventional hermeneutical circle. In customary hermeneutics all parts identify with the entire and the entire identifies with all the parts in equivalent measure. Inside a Christian religious philosophy that incorporates hermeneutics the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the centering structure that includes perception. Jesus imparts (Brown, 2007) with individuals through the shut hover of the Bible, and empowers them to explore through the frequently perplexing and apparently opposing entries that it offers. The hermeneutical circle may have all the earmarks of being mind boggling, however in actuality it is very basic when found as far as disclosure. As Brown (2007) proposes, perusing sacred writing is figuring out how to perceive an informative demonstration started by God. That informative demonstration should be comprehended inside the setting of the various demonstrations of correspondence that are contained inside the Bible, yet for the Christian at any rate, it is the expression of Jesus Christ that offers a total clarification for how that correspondence has happened and what God is aiming to mean. To finish up, the hermeneutical circle is probably the biggest quandary inside all way of thinking by and large and inside philosophy specifically. The self-referentiali

Five Fantastic Books in Bloomsburys Musical 33 ? Series

Five Fantastic Books in Bloomsburys Musical 33 ? Series What at first seems like another book series designed for impulse purchase, Bloomsbury’s 33? is a surprisingly broad collection based on a simple premise: writers, musicians, and musicologists write a short book about an album they love. The series began in 2003 under the now-defunct Continuum Press and has racked up one hundred and thirty eight entries in the series and its spinoff 33? Global. While the obvious entry for cracking into the series is buy the book about the album I like, this list is curated with the more surprising entries into the series, when the writers pushed the premise to its editorial limits. Example: I hold Guns n Roses and their racist, garbage noise rock in incredibly low regard, but Eric Weisbard’s history of Use Your Illusion I and II is a remarkable cultural history that explains why Axl Rose is such a loser without ever treating its subject with contempt. The slim volumes are fun, digestible, and written with an intelligent enthusiasm that only these highly educated überfans could muster. These are the five best entries: No. 120 Angelo Badalamenti Soundtrack From Twin Peaks by Clare Nina Morelli There are only two soundtracks in the entire series, the first being Koji Kondo’s Super Mario Brothers, a brilliant introduction to video game music and composition, and the other  The Twin Peaks Soundtrack. Clare Nina Morelli sets up the history of collaboration between David Lynch, Julee Cruise, and Angelo Badalamenti, and their atypical composition process (where David Lynch yells moods at Angelo, who improvises until they find a theme that fits) but then devotes the second half of the book to musical analysis of the four major melodies in the series. She breaks apart the title track, Falling, and how each of its harmonic ideas reshape and bend themselves to form every scene and mood in Lynch’s imagination. The clinical treatment of Badalamenti’s leitmotifs is tempered with Morelli’s academic affection for film and television scoring and her own loving history with the series and soundtrack. No. 32 Sly and the Family Stone’s There’s A Riot Going On by Miles Marshall Lewis You should pick this up just to read Miles Marshall Lewis, a writer who has that passionate understanding of real-life characters that most journalists spend entire careers cultivating. Where many essayists would conclude 70s fables with cynicism, he extracts the surprising and strangely touching. His entry into the 33? series is an empathetic critical examination of Sly Stone’s masterwork. Sly’s own history is insane, even by the 1970s David-Bowie-Living-On-A-Diet-Of-Cocaine-and-Milk standards. There’s A Riot Going On was a concentration of America’s political turmoil distilled into one of the best albums of that era, and we are so damn lucky to have Miles Marshall Lewis unpack it for us. No. 56 Black Sabbath’s Master of Reality by John Darnielle One of the few fictions in the the 33? series, the 56th is the story of an institutionalized teenager told through prescribed diary entries. The language is richly melodramatic in a way that only a teenager (or in Darnielle’s case,  an eternal teenager) could write. While the entries are desperate and tragic, they convey that universal sensation all adolescents hold at one point: how, at your most sensitive and impressionable age, music becomes one of the few outlets for expressing your personhood. Darnielle understands everyone had that one album that kept your fragile adolescent body together. Then he asked: what if you took that away from someone? No. 47 A Tribe Called Quest’s People’s Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm by Shawn Taylor Taylor roots himself into the album, the biography of his teenage self as a parallel story to A Tribe Called Quest’s debut. While this does have the highs and lows of a teenage self-awakening, it’s also funny as hell. Taylor’s anecdotes are entertaining enough to read aloud to friends. If you finish it in one sitting, you’ll be left with sore ribs and a nuanced appreciation of one of Hip Hop’s defining albums. Global No. 3 Supercell’s Supercell Featuring Hatsune Miku by Keisuke Yamada Hatsune Miku has a repertoire of over 100,000 original songs. She speaks English, Japanese, and Chinese and has been touring internationally since 2009. She is eleven years old. Hatsune Miku is a software vocaloid voicebank available for purchase online. Her collaboration with the J-Pop band Supercell is one of the most definitive albums of the Desktop Music wave of the mid 2000s. Yamada’s breezy history is a perfect introduction to a music scene that is deep, communal, and batshit crazy.

Cathedral Essay - 598 Words

When most people think of blind people, they tend to picture a person with dark sunglasses, a seeing eye dog, and a walking stick. These are stereotypes and obviously do not remain true in the case of all blind people. In Raymond Carveramp;#8217;s short story amp;#8220;Cathedral,quot; the main character is jealous and judgmental of his wifeamp;#8217;s friend who happens to be a blind man. It is the combination of these attitudes that leads to his own unique amp;#8220;blindness.quot; It is through this initial blindness, that the character gains his greatest vision. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The short story amp;#8220;Cathedral; includes three characters. These characters include the narrator, his wife, and her blind friend†¦show more content†¦The narratoramp;#8217;s wife had worked for Robert as a summer job, many years back. The two had kept in contact with each other through audio tapes. The narratoramp;#8217;s wife shared a special moment with Robert, he rubbed her face and felt her features. The narratoramp;#8217;s wife had written poetry about that occurrence. The fact that his wife felt that way about the event, had the narrator extremely jealous. When his wife tried to play one of the tapes that Robert had sent for her husband, the narrator paid little attention and a small distraction had him on his way. Once the narrator and Robert had a chance to actually sit down and speak with each other, the narrator finally did have an understanding and made some realizations about himself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Robert, the narrator, and his wife spent a lot of time speaking with each other. They spoke on various subjects, and the narrator learned that Robert was an interesting character. At one point, the narratoramp;#8217;s wife leaves Robert and the narrator alone, during this time, the two men continue speaking and decide to smoke a joint together. Their conversation leads them to the topic of Cathedrals. Robert has never seen a cathedral, and the narrator has never paid too much attention to one. Robert asks the narrator to take his hand and draw a cathedral. TheyShow MoreRelatedCathedral684 Words   |  3 PagesCathedral It is an ongoing problem that people are narrow-minded and have preconceptions. It does no one good and is an obstacle in your everyday life. By closing your eyes, the other senses, like feeling, hearing and smelling, tune in and take over. A lot can be learned from these senses and new truths can be unrevealed. In the short story Cathedral, the main character stops his prejudices and sees a new truth. The short story Cathedral takes place in the 1990s in a married couple’s house inRead MoreThe Cathedral Of Canterbury Cathedral1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe word Cathedral is a Latin word for chair â€Å"Cathedra† which was taken from the Greek ‘Kathedra’ meaning seat. The Canterbury Cathedral is located in England, United Kingdom. The Cathedral is one of the most famous and oldest Christian structures in England. 597 AD was the founding of Canterbury Cathedral. The cathedral’s physical context is located in a sprawl area meaning there is low density residential, there are many other attractions around such as the theatre,hotel and museum. Saint AugustineRead MoreAnalysis Of Cathedral By Raymond Carver1541 Words   |  7 PagesA New Perspective Everyone at one point has judged a book by its cover. In the short story, â€Å"Cathedral†, Raymond Carver creates a narrator who bases off ideas and assumptions about blind people from movies. The narrator has never interacted with a blind person before the day where his wife invites her friend, who is named Robert, to stay. The narrator and Robert have never met, but the narrator has a strong dislike towards Robert before meeting. The narrator’s closed-mindedness and misconceptionsRead MoreCathedral As A Central Catholic Church1122 Words   |  5 PagesCathedral is a central Catholic church. Differences between cathedrals and churches are that cathedrals are the seat of the bishop and a centre of worship and mission. (The Association of English Cathedrals) Because it s a central of Catholic churches, all the Catholic churches around a cathedral receives order and worship services from it. Cathedrals are known for central position in Catholic, but what we have to fo cus is beauty of their art of structures and art of symbolism. There are many CatholicRead MoreEssay on The Cathedral by Raymond Carver980 Words   |  4 PagesCathedral is a short story ultimately about enlightment, finding something more meaningful and deeper with in one self. Although from an observing point of view nothing more in the story happens then a blind man assisting the narrator in drawing a cathedral. Although as known, the narrators experience radically differs from what is actually observed. He is enlightened and opened up to a new world of vision and imagination. This brief experience will have a life long effect on him. The reasonRead MoreT.S.Eliot Murder in the Cathedral1975 Words   |  8 PagesT.S. Eliots Murder in the Cathedral tells the story of Thomas Beckett, a man who reigned as Archbishop of Canterbury during the 12th century in England until his death in 1170. In order to tell Becketts story, Eliot creates a series of equally interesting characters that each play a crucial role thought the play. The most unique rolefound within the play is the Women ofCanterbury, or the Chorus. Throughout the piece, the Chorus delivers seven choral odes. These choral odes, when looked at as aRead MoreLooking Beyond the Surface at Raymond Carvers Cathedral660 Words   |  3 PagesIt seems in life that we often look at things without really seeing them. Raymond Carver demonstrates in â€Å"Cathedral† that looking is associated to physical vision, but seeing involves a deeper level of commitment. The author is making the point when you put yourself into someone elses shoes and allow yourself to see things the way they see them, it can be the most rewarding and eye opening experience. During the exposition, the narrator shows that he has no problems with eyesight and he is capableRead MoreDurham Cathedral Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesDurham Cathedral Durham Cathedral is one of the oldest examples of Romanesque architecture present in England today. Although the cathedral was completed in the early 12th century there are signs of Gothic architecture present due to the close relation of Romanesque and Gothic styles. In Robert Scotts book The Gothic Enterprise he discusses how the early Gothic style pulled heavily from the Romanesque style of architecture and built upon its basic themes. Durham Cathedrals extensive historyRead MoreThe Canterbury Cathedral Essay2561 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Cathedral For at least fourteen hundred years the worship of God has been offered on the site of this Cathedral, and through the prayers of the Church his power and grace have shaped human lives. Ever since the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in the Cathedral in 1170, Canterbury has attracted thousands of pilgrims. This tradition continues to this day, and a large team of Welcomers, Guides, Cathedral Assistants and Chaplains are there to give all visitors a warm welcomeRead MoreAnalysis Milan Cathedral, Italy Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesthe middle of Milan, Italy in the Piazzo del Duomo is Milan Cathedral, the largest Gothic cathedral and the second largest Catholic cathedral in the world. The exterior and interior appearances are aw-inspiring, commanding respect in our modern day time period and long ago during the time periods in which the Milan Cathedral was constructed. The cathedral also earned respect by being the center for community functions. The Milan Cathedral has outer height of 215 ft and a maximum width of 302 ft allowing

The Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe Essay - 917 Words

Inescapable Conscious â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.† - Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is known for his dark and thought-provoking horror stories. In particular, The Black Cat does just that. The story focuses on the rationalizations of the horrific actions of the narrator. A black cat is introduced to pounce down on the rationalization of the narrator’s actions. Edgar Allan Poe also constructs a story where the main basis of the narrator’s decisions are ethical egoism and the principles of conscience. Poe constructs the black cat as the conscience of the story to depict the guilt of the narrator. This is clearly emphasized when the black cat is in the presence of the narrator, but the consciousness of guilt is also present in the absence of the black cat. The story starts to escalate when the reader begins to feel the irritation of the narrator with everyone around him. In particular, his vexation with his cat, Pluto. It begins with simple enough reasons; the cat becomes too attached for his owners liking. But the story doesn’t truly evolve into the first level of depravity until the narrator, heavily intoxicated, constrains Pluto by the neck and cuts one of his eyes out. At this time, the reader is able to recognize what Poe constructed the ethics of the rationalized actions of the narrator to be: ethical egoism. The narrator thinks of no one but himself. When the narrator continues with his feelings of displeasureShow MoreRelatedThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1117 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe’s narrator in â€Å"The Black Cat† describes himself as a lover of animals and a man with a kind heart. But he uses his animals and alcoholism as an excuse for his perverse behavior. However, Poe drops hints tho ugh out the narrative to tell a different story. His violence towards animals tells the story of an irrational man who weeps while hanging his cat. Therefore, Poe employs the narrator to show the human tendency to use scapegoats to shift blame for the wrong thing we do. The narratorRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe885 Words   |  4 Pagesobserve. An example of these observation and hands on applications would be Edgar Allan Poe, a writer and a poet, whom would be absolutely intrigued in these behaviors. His unique interpretation of the human mind could be seen in â€Å"The Black Cat.† In this short story Edgar Allan Poe embeds himself as the protagonist who are mere victims of the complexities of the mind known as revenge, anger, and perversity. â€Å"The Black Cat† shows the vital side effects of the mind recognized as revenge, anger, andRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1778 Words   |  8 Pagesmonster up within the tomb† (Poe 32). This is the ending of Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat.† This story is one of the many famous short stories Poe has written in his life time. However, this story, in particular, captivities the horror and frightening works of his display. Having his personal history and short story at hand, will help his audience to understand some of his guilty pleasures. In this Critical Analysis Essay, the composition of â€Å"The Black Cat† will be revealed by connectingRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1240 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature, D.H. Lawrence condemns Americans for dodging their true selves by means of intellectualization and idealization. Both Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat† and Nathaniel Ha wthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† feature allegorical representations of characters deceiving themselves in order to deny the darker aspects of their inner selves. In Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat,† the narrator denies the darker aspects of his soul by abstracting his horrific actions with spectral evidence in order to externalizeRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1900 Words   |  8 Pagesportion of his life writing these kind of stories. Edgar Allan Poe was influenced by his own life experiences, social normalities of the early 19th century, and used literary devices to write horrific works such as The Black Cat, The Raven, and Berenice. Edgar Allan Poe wrote the short story The Black Cat in 1843. The story starts out fairly normal, but very quickly spirals into a horrendous chain of events. The narrator of the story has a cat that he adaores at first, but then he grows irritatedRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Cat Gothic Analysis In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat† (1843), Poe creates a gothic narrative that exceeds the suspicions of the audiences predeterminations. Throughout the entirety of his piece Poe creates a scene that continuously leaves his readers wondering what was happening next. Suspicion being a key factor in gothic tales is only one strategy Poe used to illuminate the story of an unnamed psychopath and his attempts to either clear his conscious or set the recordRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe871 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is a world famous author who writes suspenseful/thriller story that keeps everyone interested. Three of his stories that we have read is â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. The five questions that will be discussed is how/why does Poe have his narrator plan the murder of his victim, what is the narrators reason for killing his victim, how does the narrator dispose of the body, does the narrator know the difference between right and wrong, and finallyRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1202 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is prominent for his literacy style of horror and mystery, in which he had written an innumerable number of short stories and poems in his lifetime. Evidently, many of his writings like, â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"William Wilson,† and â€Å"The Raven,† share the same style, as their protagonists’ demonstrated a paucity of reliability. Readers often become engaged with how the main character of each text showed their rivulet of tales that seem to be quite fictitious. Available evidence suggestsRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1142 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter survives eight shots to the torso, all happy endings. Edgar Allan Poe isn’t like that. Most of his characters are dark and insane. They have one last shred of sanity then they refuse to keep it and then they end up going insane, much like the characters in The Black Cat, The Raven, and A Tell-Tale Heart. All three the men reach insanity. In The Black Cat a man expresses his passion over all animals. He has a gorgeous black cat named Pluto,his prized possession. Years later this man has aRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1243 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Black Cat,† Edgar Allan Poe states the nameless narrator is in a prison cell, retelling his story of his struggles from the abuse of alcoholism, perverseness, and animal cruelty. He was married to his beautiful wife and had a variety of pet animals. The narrator starts to talk about his beloved black cat, Pluto, and how he believes it’s evil and the reason for his crazy actions. He came home drunk one day assuming his cat was avoiding him. He tried to grab his cat, but with fear, the cat nipped

Colonialism and freedom struggle in India Free Essays

string(166) " British and the Allies had won the 1st World War they were celebrating their victory everywhere,India being a part of theBritish Empire was on the British’s side\." Introduction: Khilafat Movement (1919-24) was a religious-political campaign launched by the Muslims for having possession of the Ottoman Caliphate or Khilafat-e-Usmania and for not letting the Muslim holy places go under the control of the Non-Muslims. ‘Khalifa’ is an Arabic word derived from the root ‘Khalafa’ which means ‘to follow’ or ‘to come after’. During the 1st World War Turkey supported Germany as the country was facing massive problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Colonialism and freedom struggle in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Germany started losing its territory and so does Turkey. Turkey had lost most of its territory in 1918 by the end of the 1st World War. During that time the main dilemma was how the allied powers would treat Turkey, the Ottoman Empire or the Khilafat-e-usmania as most of its territory had been occupied in this Movement. Turkeybeing a Muslim country, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help them. The other reason for supporting them was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah. Ottoman Caliphate: ‘Caliph’ is an Arabic word which means â€Å"a successor† or â€Å"a representative† which emphasizes religious authority for the head of state. The Islamic system of governance in which the state rules under Islamic law is known as Caliphate. To protect the Ottoman Empire from the Western countries and to overcome the Western democratic opposition inTurkey, Ottoman emperor Abdul Hamid II had launched a Pan Islamic program. This program expressed religious passion and sympathy amongst Indian Muslims. Goals: Following were the goals of the Movement:- Ottoman Caliphate should be kept secured. Turkey’s territorial harmony should be preserved. Not letting the Muslim holy places go under the control of the Non-Muslims. Effects: InIndia, this was the first religious-political Movement which gathered the common man. The Indian Muslims demanded certain safeguards from the British and they started interacting with the other communities and the Congress Party. But during that time from 1906 to 1919 politics was restricted to only educated people and also people who had enough money to spare the money involved in the politics. However it was due to Khilafat Movement where common man gathered or the ordinary Muslims were involved, people were on streets protesting. This was the 1st Movement inIndia to get common people involved in the politics. Mobilization Capacity of Islam: Khilafat Movement also showed the mobilization capacity of the Islam amongst the Muslims. It also conveyed how Islam and Islamic institutions are precious to the Indian Muslims. Thus it clearly indicated that Islam had had a lot of mobilization capacity and appeal for the common man inIndiaand elsewhere. Extra-territorial Attachments: Another characteristic of this movement is that it points out the extra-territorial attachment of the Muslims of India based on Islam. The meaning of extra-territorial is that people feel attached to a certain institutions, ideologies, beliefs that may be beyond the territorial boundaries of their own countries. And these extra-territorial attachments have always been very strong in Muslims which are based on Islam. Concept of Ummah: The concept of Ummah is that Muslims residing in any part of the World belongs to an ideological brotherhood of Islam. It is a community based on the beliefs, teachings and principles of Islam. And therefore the concept of Ummah had a lot of Muslims coming forward during the Khilafat Movement. The Institution of Khilafat: The Indian Muslims paid much more attention to Khilafat-e-Usmania whose primary seat was inTurkeywhich had continuity from the original institution of Khilafat in Islam. Institution of Khilafat was the second aspect which created extra-territorial sentiments amongst the Muslims. The Balkan wars: If you go back in the history to 1911-12 you will find the Balkan Wars. This war clearly signifies the strong sentiments of the Indian Muslims for other countries. During that period there was a war between Turkey and Italy and Italy was also attackingLibya.Turkeywas facing massive problems therefore the Indian Muslims sent medical delegation to provide medical assistance to the people affected by war. And now the Indian Muslims in 1919 are showing the same sentiments on the bases of Ummah. Therefore there were a lot of emotions and a lot of support for the possession of Khilafat Movement. These were some of the reasons why Khilafat Movement is so important. Dimensions: The writers and poets in Indiawere focusing on themes such as the generation and the decline of the Muslims, this all happened during the first three decades of the 20th century. And their writings clearly portray the feelings for the preservation of Khilafat and the possession of the Muslims holy places. The key role was played by the journalism which steer the direction of the struggle. There were many other themes by the writers and the poets which shaped the movement and recovered the problems faced by them. Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their hatred. When these newspaper and magazines were pleading the cause of the Muslims, the Allies imposed humiliating terms on vanquished Turkey. After the 1st World War ended,Turkey had lost many of its territories, it was in this context the Indian Muslims started a movement that is known as the Khilafat Movement. Protests in India: All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay now known as Mumbai in July 1919 which shaped the activities of the Muslims regarding the Khilafat Movement. Their first Khilafat Committee conference was held in Delhiin 1919 where they used to discuss the issues occurring in the movement. In the first conference Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru also participated. It was due to Congress participation, the other major political parties join hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community. Following were the steps announced: No Participation in Victory Celebrations: This was the first step taken by the participants of this Conference. As the British and the Allies had won the 1st World War they were celebrating their victory everywhere,India being a part of theBritish Empire was on the British’s side. You read "Colonialism and freedom struggle in India" in category "Essay examples" So they decided in the Conference to boycott the victory celebration to show anger on the state of affairs and to express their point in more affective way. Boycotting British Goods: The second step which they took is to boycott British goods, the purpose of doing this was to affect their economy. By adopting this British economy would drop drastically. Non-Cooperation with the Government: This was the third step which they took during that time, the purpose of this was not at this stage but at the later stage they may also launch Non-Cooperation Movement. The second Khilafat Conference which was an important one was held inAmritsarin December 1919. All the major political parties participated in this but the highlight of this Conference was that Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, who were held behind bars for breaking British law in protest of British policies, also joined the Conference after their release from prison. Without Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali contributions one cannot discuss the Khilafat Movement. They used to work with Congress party and also played a significant role in mobilizing the masses. They were well known as Ali brothers. The Ali brothers with several other leaders went to jail quite a few times due to shape up the Khilafat Movement and lead the Muslims. This procession happened whenever they were released. At the end of the Khilafat Conference the Congress party decided to work together as there were similar problems inIndiawhich all of them were facing. For Muslims the Khilafat Movement was their priority compared to the other issues. Congress thought of combining up with the Muslims as they were also having problems against the British for the possession of theOttoman Empire. Congress and Muslims would have more effective movements together rather than working separately as their aim is to eliminate the British from their country. One of the issues which were faced during that time was Rowlett Act, 1919. The Rowlett Act – 1919: This was a kind of black law, whereby the government had the power to arrest anybody they wanted without giving them any legal facility and the right to appeal. This law was meant for any criminal activities which took place, but actually they were intern for the people involved in political activities. This act was protested by both the Hindu and Muslim communities. The Jallianwala Bagh Incident, April – 1919: The Jallianwala Bagh was a place inAmritsarwhere many people of different classes and societies came in order to protest against the Rowlett Act. To this protest the British government got extremely agitated and ordered the army to kill everyone present there. The gates were shut and many rounds were fired by the British. This massacre was one of the greatest tragedies thatIndiasaw. This allowed different political parties to challenge the British authority. The Non-Cooperation: In the December of 1920 the famous Congress session was held atNagpurby Congress leader Mahatma Gandhi. Here Gandhi adopted the non-violent and non-cooperation movement. The first movement adopted by Gandhi was the non-cooperation movement and subsequently a couple of other movements were launched. The general agreement was that: People with British titles to their names had to return those titles, for example Sir which was given to the Indians had to be returned. The educational institutions and courts had to be boycotted. Anyone whose job was under the British people had to resign. Taxes should not be paid to the British Government. People resigning from military and police jobs would be decided at a later stage. This was not launched but could be thought about later on. The Khilafat Conference- Karachi- July 1921: In July 1921, the Khilafat conference was held atKarachiwhere there were mainly Muslim participants who expressed their loyalties towards the Turkish Sultan and the Khilafat. At that time they had been removed from their territory by the British powers. To dislodge foreign forces from the mainland they welcomed the efforts of the Ataturk. At that time the Ataturk was taking various steps to remove the foreign forces from their mainland ofTurkey. They felt that something new needed to be encouraged. The Hijrat Movement 1920-21: The main reason of why the Hijrat movement took place was that the Indian Ulama or religious leaders thought ofIndiaas ‘Darul Harab’ where the Muslims were not safe. A certain place or a country where the Muslims are not allowed to perform their religious practices and activities is known as a ‘Darul Harab’. The Muslim heads (Ulama) said that the Muslims should move to the nearest safe place that was from ‘Darul Harab’ to ‘Darul Islam’. This caused a panic amongst the Muslims in India and as suggested the nearest ‘Darul Islam’ was Afghanistan which was Hijrat. A very large number of lower class people of society left India either on foot or with the help of bullock carts as the routes to Afghanistan were not developed. The properties were sold at very cheap rates as they were moving from their place to a place in search of Islam; a large scale of migration of people was seen. At first the Indians were welcomed. Later on the border was closed as the increase in the number of people could not be sustained due to Afghanistan being a poor nation and its own problems it told the Indian migrants to move back to its own country. Due to this there were loss of lives and belongings of several Muslims. Many Muslims died during this mission. Many of the people moved to Russia(Soviet Union) as they had nothing left in India. This was the way in which the Hijrat movement ended as it was all emotion based and not planned based. The End of the Khilafat Movement: This was a movement where the Muslims of British India supported the Ottoman Empire to control their holy places but gradually the movement died out. The first thing which affected the movement was the Moplah revolt in Kalicut. The Moplah Revolt-at Malabar Coast- Kalicut: The Moplah revolt started in 1921.The descendants of Arab Muslims were called as Moplahs. In the August of 1921 there was a revolt against the Hindu landlords because of their brutal treatment towards them. This wasn’t a religious issue. The Moplahs were suffering by the actions of the landlords so they revolted against them, but the police supported the landlords. This was projected as a Hindu Muslim issue by the local Hindu Unions. Due to this there was a lot of issue against the Muslims. These issues resulted in a bitter relationship amongst the Hindus and Muslims. A negative impact was seen in the Hindu Muslim unity because of the uprising. This was a reason for the end of Khilafat movement. The Increase in Violence – 1921: The second reason to why the movement did not last was an increase in Violence. The Non- cooperation movement started by Gandhi was a peaceful and non violent movement. Seeing an increase in violent activities like the Chora Chori incident in Uttar Pradesh, Gandhi decided to end the Non-cooperation movement. This affected the Khilafat movement as Gandhi’s decision to end the Non-cooperation movement was not consulted with Khilafat movement leaders which thus created distrust between the two operative parties. This was another incident which weakened the Khilafat movement. The Developments in Turkey: This was the third reason to why the Khilafat movement ended. The Ataturk who controlled the military service emerged as leader. The powers of the Sultan were restricted. The chief of the Grand assembly was the Ataturk. Turkey abolished the Khilafat system. The Indian Muslims were fighting made no difference as the leadership had changed. This weakened the Khilafat movement in India. Conclusions: The Hindu Muslim unity phase was extremely short. It was seen that religion was a way to mobilize forces and organize masses. Extra- territorialism was the basis of the start of the movement. The Muslims suffered in the Khilafat movement. How to cite Colonialism and freedom struggle in India, Essay examples

Ophthalmic Studies of Rizal in Paris and Heidelberg free essay sample

Rizal stayed at Juan Luna’s studio on Boulevard Arago in the southern part of the city. He discovered a large eye clinic ran by Louis de Wecker in Rue du Cherche-Midi(a very long street in Paris) which was only a walking distance from where Rizal was staying. Dr. Louis de Wecker – the most famous ophthalmologist in Europe where Rizal worked with him as an assistant. He was not only a famous surgeon but an innovator responsible for practical advances in eye surgery, particularly in cataract. His patients comes from all over the world, including members of the royal family. Thought highly of Rizal and treated him almost like a son. Rizal knew how to perform all the operations in just a few months and wrote to his family in January 1, 1885 of his progress. Brindis Speech the speech was Rizal’s toast to the triumph of Juan Luna’s Spolarium and Felix Hidalgo’s Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al populacho in their work of arts whose works illuminates two ends of the globe: East and West (Spain and the Philippines). We will write a custom essay sample on Ophthalmic Studies of Rizal in Paris and Heidelberg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After finishing the Brindis speech, Rizal simply noted in his diary, ‘Today I delivered a speech. Rizal’s main purposes of staying in Germany: 1. To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology (specifically on the ocular fundus). 2. To further his studies in science and languages. 3. To observe conditions of the German nation. 4. To associate with famous German scientists and scholars. 5. To finish his novel Noli Me Tangere. Universitats Augenklinik – what Rizal knew then as the most important centre of advanced ophthalmic research in Germany. Dr. Otto Becker – a great German oculist where Rizal studied with him in the field of ophthalmology. Wilhelm Kuhne – associated with Becker, a physiologist who discovered several of the enzymes in the human body and was the first person to prove that eye receives the stimulus of light on the same principle as a photographic plate does via lens of a camera. Alas Flores de Heidelberg (To the flowers of Heidelberg) – Rizal’s poem which is an avocation and a prayer for the well-being of the Philippines, the first mark of his ‘arrival’ as a writer, as also of the deepening and mellowing of his thought which took place during his months of stay in Germany. In the same week he wrote this poem, he was becoming increasingly worried about his inability to bring his German up to standard. Pastor Karl Ullmer – Rizal’s Lutheran minister friend who helped him master German under his guidance while he stayed at Wilhelmsfeld as a paying guest of the Ullmer family. Wilhelmsfield was his first intimate experience of European family life. Rizal writes to the Jesuit Pastells, defending himself against the charge of having been influenced in Germany by Protestantism. After the experience, he revised his Noli Me Tangere. The Ullmer’s go on a summer holiday and Rizal goes back to his lodging in Heidelberg with the Ullmer’s dog. He encounters problems of how and where to get his novel published. He writes to Paciano if he could pay for the printing of the book but his letter gets delayed in post. Still no reply from Paciano on the beginning of August, Rizal decides to move to Leipzig, but before leaving he participated in the celebration of the 5ooth anniversary of the University of Heidelberg.